Published on 22 November 2025
3 mins’ read time

Mastering plant design: Common challenges and how to overcome them

A new plant is an investment that will last for many years. We outline the key steps, from the range of components to obtaining planning permission, and the potential pitfalls you should be aware of at an early stage.

Key points at a glance

  • The first step is to select the process and define the full range of components; this forms the basis for the initial plant layout.
  • Tendering and approval often take several months and need to be included early in the timetable.
  • Involving the relevant authority as early as the planning stage helps to speed up the approval process.

A new plant is an investment that will last for many years – ideally without the need for unplanned adjustments. To ensure this is the case, potential challenges and critical milestones should be taken into account as early as the planning phase.

But what is particularly important, and how can pitfalls be avoided?

Our step-by-step guide explains which steps are crucial and which obstacles you should be aware of.

For paint shops: Defining coating methods and processes

If a paint shop is being planned, the fundamental technical issues must first be clarified. In the case of other surface treatment facilities, this decision has usually already been made.

The first step in planning a paint shop is to choose future-proof process and technical solutions. The quality of the coating depends largely on the pre-treatment process, the coating process and the drying of the paint. An initial cost-benefit analysis, combined with coating and specification tests, provides a solid basis for further planning.

1. Compiling the range of components

What data is required for a range of components?

  • Production volumes, including the ramp-up curve
  • Component dimensions
  • Base material
  • Component weights
  • Condition of the components on delivery
  • surface to be coated

The initial plant layout is then drawn up based on the range of components identified and a capacity assessment.

Challenge: Don’t underestimate the time required to achieve the necessary level of detail across the range of components!

2. Initial plant layout & development of an energy concept

Plant designers and operators can use this opportunity to clarify key issues.

Checklist for reviewing the initial plant layout:

  • Are upstream and downstream production stages, as well as the internal flow of materials, taken into account?
  • Will the plant fit into the planned building?
  • Are collisions with hall columns prevented?
  • Have the required utilities, their specifications and their connections been agreed with the building plans?

Challenge: Think outside the box – this helps to avoid interface issues at an early stage.

An efficient energy strategy is also being developed in collaboration with the building designer.

Would you like to have your layout reviewed again?

We assess material flow, buildings and utility interfaces before the specifications are finalised.

3. Tender phase

The next step is to incorporate the information gathered into the specifications. Experience shows that, in order to obtain technically and commercially comparable tenders, several coordination meetings are required between the plant operator, the designer and the supplier. Consequently, depending on the complexity of the plant, the tendering phase can last several months.

Challenge: Allow enough time in the schedule for coordination to avoid delays and additional costs!

4. Authorisation procedure

In order to obtain any necessary permits, various documents must be submitted to the local authority. Most of the necessary documents are prepared by the plant suppliers during the design phase (once the contract has been awarded). The approval process by the authorities is often protracted. To reduce the time required, it is advisable to make contact with the authorities as early as the planning phase and present the planned project to them.

Challenge: Knowing early on which documents are required – this saves time and increases legal certainty.

5. Conclusion

Every project comes with its own set of hurdles – but if you are aware of the typical challenges, you can take targeted action to overcome them. Forward-planning saves time, money and resources.

Further critical aspects of plant design

  • timely training of plant operators
  • CE marking and explosion protection
  • various expert reports, particularly relating to approval processes
  • in the event of replacement: transition arrangements for switching from the old to the new system
  • Acceptance criteria for the new plant
  • Level of digitalisation of plant and production parameters
  • Response times of equipment suppliers on site and during operation

Contents

Frank Schüle

Frank Schüle

Graduate Engineer (FH) Head of the Environment, Health and Safety / Fire Safety Department

+49 7171 10408-17 schuele@qubus.de

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